Historie

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Die Dreigestirne der 1. EKG
Karneval in Efferen
Kleine Karnevalsgeschichte
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Burg-Efferen

 

Karneval in Köln und der Region

Der Kölner Karneval ist fast so alt, wie die Geschichte der Stadt selbst. So organisiert wie heute, feiert man jedoch erst seit 181 Jahren.

Griechen und Römer feierten Dionysos und Saturn zu Ehren fröhliche Frühlingsfeste mit Wein, Weib und Gesang. Die Germanen feierten die Wintersonnenwende als Huldigung der Götter und Vertreibung der bösen Winterdämonen. Später übernahmen die Christen die heidnischen Bräuche. Die vorösterliche Fastenzeit wurde mit der Fastnacht oder dem Karneval (carne vale = Fleisch lebe wohl!) eingeläutet.

Im Mittelalter nahmen die Fastnachtsfreuden, die “Mummerei”, oft drastische Formen an, sehr zum Verdruß von Rat und Kirche der Stadt. Verbote und Verordnungen halfen wenig, es wurde wild und fröhlich gefeiert.

Zum lustigen Straßenkarneval gesellten sich im 18. Jahrhundert die sogenannten “Redouten” nach venezianischem Vorbild, ausgelassene Masken- und Kostümbälle, die zunächst dem Adel und dem reichen Bürgertum vorbehalten waren. 1736 gab es in Köln die erste Redoute in einem Adelshaus am Neumarkt.

Knapp 50 Jahre später wurde Köln von den französischen Revolutionstruppen erobert. Doch erlaubte die neue Obrigkeit den Einheimischen “de faire son tour”, ihre jecken Umzüge zu machen. Die Preußen, die kurz darauf das Sagen hatten, waren strenger, was die Kölner nicht abhielt, ihre närrische Tradition zu pflegen. Der Karneval wurde romantisiert und verbürgerlicht. Er wurde geordnet! Mit dem “Held Karneval”, unser heutiger Prinz, kam zudem eine neue Idee hinzu.

1823 wurde das “Festordnende Komitee” gegründet. Am 10. Februar des Jahres feierte Köln den ersten Rosenmontagszug unter dem Motto “Thronbesteigung des Helden Carneval”.

Mit dabei waren die Roten Funken, die einstigen Stadtsoldaten, die sich auch gerade als Gesellschaft etabliert hatten, das Geckenberndchen von den Hillige Knäächte un Mägde, Jan von Werth und Kölner “Bauer und Jungfrau”, als Erinnerung an die ehemals Freie Reichsstadt Köln. Damals, wie heute, steckte ein Mann im Kostüm der Jungfrau. Nach der Gründung des Festkomitees waren die Kölner nicht mehr zu halten. Eine Karnevalsgesellschaft nach der anderen entstand. 1860 geht der erste “Geisterzug” am Abend des Karnevalssamstag. Auch nach der Jahrhundertwende hielt die “Gründerzeit” der Narren an. 1902 entstand die Ehrengarde, als Begleittruppe von Bauer und Jungfrau. 1906 bekam Prinz Karneval seine Prinzengarde. Weitere Gesellschaften etablierten sich. Willi Ostermann mit seinen Liedern und die originelle Grete Fluss machten den Kölner Karneval über die Stadtgrenzen hinaus berühmt.

Die “Sitzungen” mit Büttenrednern und Liedersängern überbrückten die Zeit vom “11.11.”, der Sessionseröffnung des Karnevals, bis zum Höhepunkt am Rosenmontag. So ist es noch heute. Nun sind Gruppen wie Bläck Fööss, Höhner und Paveier, das Rumpelstilzchen oder der Werbefachmann, die Markenzeichen der “fünften Kölner Jahreszeit”. Weltberühmt ist der “Stippeföttchen-Tanz” der Roten Funken, eine Persiflage auf strammes Soldatentum.
Mittlerweile gibt es ca. 160 Karnevalsgesellschaften, Heimatvereine, Viertelgemeinschaften, die das “vaterstädtische” Fest in rund 500 Sitzungen, Bällen und Umzügen feiern.
Höhepunkt ist noch immer der Rosenmontagszug.

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